Mental Method

What is the Mental Method?

The mental method, also known as mental arithmetic, is the process of performing mathematical calculations and problem-solving entirely in one’s mind, without the need for physical or written tools like calculators, pen, and paper. Children learn to perform mental addition, subtraction, and other mathematical operations using specific techniques. These mental methods empower students to solve a wide range of problems without relying on memorized answers, calculators, or written workings.

Why is Mental Calculation Important?

Mental arithmetic skills foster rapid and efficient calculations, enhancing problem-solving abilities. They enable children to grasp the relationships between numbers and the patterns they create. Without the ability to perform mental calculations, everyday tasks such as handling money, taking measurements, and even telling time can become challenging. Therefore, learning mental calculation is a crucial life skill.

Mental Methods

Various strategies can aid in mental arithmetic, categorized based on whether you are adding or subtracting numbers mentally.

Mental Subtraction Strategies

1. Counting Back: This strategy is helpful when subtracting smaller numbers. Children initially use tools like a number line or number square but later perform it mentally. For instance, when subtracting 12 from 87, they start with 87 and subtract 10 (easy to do mentally), resulting in 77. Then, they subtract the remaining 2, yielding the answer, 75.
2. Column Method: While traditionally taught as a written method, as children gain confidence, they can visualize the process and perform these calculations mentally.

Mental Addition Strategies

1. Near Doubles: This strategy is effective for adding similar numbers. It involves doubling one of the numbers and adjusting the result by adding or subtracting the difference. This method relies on number sense and reasoning skills.
2. Rounding Up: Rounding up numbers before addition simplifies complex calculations. It is especially useful when dealing with values greater than 100.
3. Compensation for 8 or 9: This method aids in adding when a number ends in 8 or 9 in the units place. Adding 9 involves adding 10 and then subtracting 1, while adding 8 entails adding 10 and then subtracting 2.

Core Mental Maths Skills

Practicing mental maths leads to important skills such as:

1. Remembering Maths Facts: Children become proficient in certain sums, like number bonds that add up to ten, which forms a foundational element of mathematics.
2. Mathematical Speed: Speed is advantageous in various real-life situations, from checkout lines to exams.
3. Estimating Calculations: Mental maths equips children with the ability to estimate answers by rounding numbers, a valuable real-world skill.

Implementing Mental Maths in the Classroom

Incorporating mental maths into the classroom can be engaging and effective. Here are some strategies:

1. Role-Play Games: Simulate real-life scenarios where students need to apply mental maths skills. For instance, role-playing a shopping scenario can involve calculating change or estimating travel time.
2. Quick-Fire Maths: Create a fun game where students stand in a circle, and the teacher asks them math questions. They must respond quickly, and if they answer incorrectly, they sit down. Increase the difficulty with each question until only one student remains.

Helpful Teaching Resources

There are various resources available to aid in teaching mental arithmetic:

1. Multiply Numbers Mentally Presentation: This resource assists children in practicing mental multiplication strategies.
2. Mental Maths Strategies Poster Pack: A comprehensive pack covering mental strategies for all four fundamental mathematical operations, including addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.
3. Calculation Word Cards: These cards reinforce key math vocabulary, essential for performing math calculations effectively.

These resources are easy to download and print, saving valuable planning time for educators.